- American thinkers agreed with John Locke's idea that political authority was divinely ordained.
- Cotton Mather and the Boston physician Nicholas Boyleston fought against smallpox inoculation.
- Some ministers combined Lockean political principles with Calvinist theology in order to attack the role of bishops and vest power in the laity.
- European Enlightenment ideas had little impact on Americans until 1750.
ANSWER: Some ministers combined Lockean political principles with Calvinist theology in order to attack the role of bishops and vest power in the laity.
- denied the concept that everyone had a calling” from God.
- incorporated into their religion many of the traditional Roman Catholic practices, such as burning incense and praying to dead saints.
- championed literacy so that everyone could read and interpret the Bible.
- gave final authority over religious doctrine to bishops and synods.
ANSWER: The Puritans in late sixteenth-century England championed literacy so that everyone could read and interpret the Bible.
- apprehension because he believed the country was growing too large to be governed as a single republic.
- disapproval because he sympathized with the plight of the Indians who would be displaced by white settlement of the West.
- disdain because, as a cultured aristocrat, he considered the settlers to be uncouth rabble who would only cause trouble with the Indians and destroy the West's natural environment.
- unqualified approval because he celebrated the pioneer farmer and hoped to see the West developed by independent yeomen.
ANSWER: Before becoming president, Thomas Jefferson viewed the westward migration of Americans with unqualified approval because he celebrated the pioneer farmer and hoped to see the West developed by independent yeomen.
- Abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia.
- Adoption of a strong fugitive slave law.
- The organization of the New Mexico and Utah territories on the basis of popular sovereignty.
- Abolition of slavery in the Oregon Territory.
ANSWER: The Compromise of 1850 did not include the abolition of slavery in the Oregon Territory.
- comply with its laws out of fear of reprisals.
- welcome these measures as a way of strengthening the bonds of empire, which would protect them from the French and Spanish.
- bribe customs officials to ignore the regulations.
- resent and resist the trade restrictions.
ANSWER: Most colonists' reaction to the Navigation Acts was to resent and resist the trade restrictions.
- the right to a jury trial.
- the right to vote.
- the right to bear arms.
- freedom of speech.
ANSWER: All of the following are rights guaranteed by the first ten amendments to the Constitution except the right to vote.
- the Upper South.
- South Carolina.
- Virginia.
- Georgia.
ANSWER: The movement toward secession in the winter of 1860-1861 was most rapid in South Carolina.
