Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes one effect of Enlightenment on America?

   

• American thinkers agreed with John Locke's idea that political authority was divinely ordained.
• Cotton Mather and the Boston physician Nicholas Boyleston fought against smallpox inoculation.
• Some ministers combined Lockean political principles with Calvinist theology in order to attack the role of bishops and vest power in the laity.
• European Enlightenment ideas had little impact on Americans until 1750. 

ANSWER: Some ministers combined Lockean political principles with Calvinist theology in order to attack the role of bishops and vest power in the laity. 

The Puritans in late sixteenth-century England...

   

• denied the concept that everyone had a calling” from God.
• incorporated into their religion many of the traditional Roman Catholic practices, such as burning incense and praying to dead saints.
• championed literacy so that everyone could read and interpret the Bible.
• gave final authority over religious doctrine to bishops and synods. 

ANSWER: The Puritans in late sixteenth-century England championed literacy so that everyone could read and interpret the Bible.

Before becoming president, Thomas Jefferson viewed the westward migration of Americans with...

    

• apprehension because he believed the country was growing too large to be governed as a single republic.
• disapproval because he sympathized with the plight of the Indians who would be displaced by white settlement of the West.
• disdain because, as a cultured aristocrat, he considered the settlers to be uncouth rabble who would only cause trouble with the Indians and destroy the West's natural environment.
• unqualified approval because he celebrated the pioneer farmer and hoped to see the West developed by independent yeomen. 

ANSWER: Before becoming president, Thomas Jefferson viewed the westward migration of Americans with unqualified approval because he celebrated the pioneer farmer and hoped to see the West developed by independent yeomen. 

The Compromise of 1850 did not include which of the following?

   

• Abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia.
• Adoption of a strong fugitive slave law.
• The organization of the New Mexico and Utah territories on the basis of popular sovereignty.
• Abolition of slavery in the Oregon Territory. 

ANSWER: The Compromise of 1850 did not include the abolition of slavery in the Oregon Territory.

Most colonists' reaction to the Navigation Acts was to...

   

• comply with its laws out of fear of reprisals.
• welcome these measures as a way of strengthening the bonds of empire, which would protect them from the French and Spanish.
• bribe customs officials to ignore the regulations.
• resent and resist the trade restrictions. 

ANSWER: Most colonists' reaction to the Navigation Acts was to  resent and resist the trade restrictions. 

All of the following are rights guaranteed by the first ten amendments to the Constitution except...

    

• the right to a jury trial.
• the right to vote.
• the right to bear arms.
• freedom of speech. 

ANSWER: All of the following are rights guaranteed by the first ten amendments to the Constitution except the right to vote.

The movement toward secession in the winter of 1860-1861 was most rapid in...

   

• the Upper South.
• South Carolina.
• Virginia.
• Georgia. 

ANSWER: The movement toward secession in the winter of 1860-1861 was most rapid in South Carolina.