insisting that high protective tariffs were in the national interest.
attempting unsuccessfully to have Congress repeal the Tariff of 1832.
persuading Congress to pass new legislation enacting a compromise tariff to gradually reduce duties.
ignoring the issue.
ANSWER: In the aftermath of the nullification crisis, President Jackson responded to southern concerns about the tariff by persuading Congress to pass new legislation enacting a compromise tariff to gradually reduce duties.
came to hold the same cultural and religious values as wage earners in contrast to the elitism that in the eighteenth century had kept the gentry and the "common people" apart.
openly distanced themselves by values and lifestyle from wage earners in contrast to the shared cultural and religious values that had united the gentry and ordinary folk in the eighteenth century.
became more hypocritical, pretending to share cultural and religious values with wage earners, but actually behaving very differently.
tended to claim that they had risen "from rags to riches" and to flaunt their crude taste and rough manners in contrast to "gentlemanly" values of the eighteenth-century elites.
ANSWER: One social change resulting from the Industrial Revolution in early nineteenth century America was that members of the upper class openly distanced themselves by values and lifestyle from wage earners in contrast to the shared cultural and religious values that had united the gentry and ordinary folk in the eighteenth century.
tried to impose cultural assimilation and forced labor along with religious conversion of indigenous peoples.
became large landowners who collected tribute from the Indians.
outlawed slavery in the Spanish colonies.
adapted to native culture almost completely.
ANSWER: The Spanish Franciscan missionaries tried to impose cultural assimilation and forced labor along with religious conversion of indigenous peoples.
produced an agricultural surplus--enough to trade with the Native Americans.
lived remarkably disease-free.
suffered from famine and diseases that killed more than half the population.
ANSWER: During their first couple of years in the Jamestown colony, the English migrants suffered from famine and diseases that killed more than half the population.
prohibited state governments from using property requirements to disqualify blacks from voting.
gave the full vote to all adult African Americans.
prohibited state governments from using literacy tests and poll taxes to prevent blacks from voting.
forbade states from denying any citizen the right to vote on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition as a slave.
ANSWER: The Fifteenth Amendment forbade states from denying any citizen the right to vote on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition as a slave.
resulted from the conciliatory efforts of Congressman James Tallmadge of New York.
provided for Maine to enter the Union as a free state in 1820, and Missouri to enter as a slave state the following year.
prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory south of latitude 36°30´.
convinced the aged and retired Thomas Jefferson that the peaceful extinction of slavery by mutual agreement was now in sight.
ANSWER: The Missouri Compromise of 1820 provided for Maine to enter the Union as a free state in 1820, and Missouri to enter as a slave state the following year.
it produced and exported 1.5 million bales of raw cotton, over two-thirds of the world supply.
planters were using European immigrants as industrial workers.
planters were building factories to process cotton.
southern society was dominated by free labor.
ANSWER: By 1840 the South was on the cutting edge of the Market Revolution because it produced and exported 1.5 million bales of raw cotton, over two-thirds of the world supply.
was a failure because the nine colonies represented could not agree on a unified policy.
protested loss of American rights and liberties and declared that only elected representatives could impose taxes on colonists.
formulated a set of resolves that threatened rebellion against Britain.
accepted the constitutionality of the Sugar Act but not the Stamp Act.
ANSWER: The Stamp Act Congress held in New York in 1765 protested loss of American rights and liberties and declared that only elected representatives could impose taxes on colonists.
American thinkers agreed with John Locke's idea that political authority was divinely ordained.
Cotton Mather and the Boston physician Nicholas Boyleston fought against smallpox inoculation.
Some ministers combined Lockean political principles with Calvinist theology in order to attack the role of bishops and vest power in the laity.
European Enlightenment ideas had little impact on Americans until 1750.
ANSWER: Some ministers combined Lockean political principles with Calvinist theology in order to attack the role of bishops and vest power in the laity.
apprehension because he believed the country was growing too large to be governed as a single republic.
disapproval because he sympathized with the plight of the Indians who would be displaced by white settlement of the West.
disdain because, as a cultured aristocrat, he considered the settlers to be uncouth rabble who would only cause trouble with the Indians and destroy the West's natural environment.
unqualified approval because he celebrated the pioneer farmer and hoped to see the West developed by independent yeomen.
ANSWER: Before becoming president, Thomas Jefferson viewed the westward migration of Americans with unqualified approval because he celebrated the pioneer farmer and hoped to see the West developed by independent yeomen.
resulted from the conciliatory efforts of Congressman James Tallmadge of New York.
provided for Maine to enter the Union as a free state in 1820, and Missouri to enter as a slave state the following year.
prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory south of latitude 36°30´.
convinced the aged and retired Thomas Jefferson that the peaceful extinction of slavery by mutual agreement was now in sight.
ANSWER: The Missouri Compromise of 1820 provided for Maine to enter the Union as a free state in 1820, and Missouri to enter as a slave state the following year.
the Gullah dialect spread to the new slave territories in the Old Southwest.
the rapid transfer of slaves from other regions into the Lower Mississippi Valley significantly minimized cultural differences.
blacks rejuvenated African customs as the transatlantic slave trade ceased.
most slaves were united by their traditional religion, which persisted despite the efforts of white Christians to convert them.
ANSWER: A more unified African American culture began to emerge in the early decades of the nineteenth century because the rapid transfer of slaves from other regions into the Lower Mississippi Valley significantly minimized cultural differences.
came to hold the same cultural and religious values as wage earners in contrast to the elitism that in the eighteenth century had kept the gentry and the “common people” apart.
openly distanced themselves by values and lifestyle from wage earners in contrast to the shared cultural and religious values that had united the gentry and ordinary folk in the eighteenth century.
became more hypocritical, pretending to share cultural and religious values with wage earners, but actually behaving very differently.
tended to claim that they had risen “from rags to riches” and to flaunt their crude tastes and rough manners in contrast to the “gentlemanly” values of the eighteenth-century elites.
ANSWER: One social change resulting from the Industrial Revolution in early nineteenth-century America was that members of the upper class openly distanced themselves by values and lifestyle from wage earners in contrast to the shared cultural and religious values that had united the gentry and ordinary folk in the eighteenth century.
they lived in a republican society with democratic institutions such as the secret ballot.
they did not enfranchise the entire white population of voters.
they did not foster party competition.
they did not create apportionment based on population.
ANSWER: Planters failed to politically dominate the South because they lived in a republican society with democratic institutions such as the secret ballot.
The northern states gave priority to slaveholders' property rights so that emancipation often was spaced out over several slave generations.
Very few northerners saw any contradiction between freedom for themselves and slavery for African Americans.
Slaves were threatening violence in the northern states, causing many whites to retreat from their earlier willingness to support rapid emancipation.
Economically, slavery was becoming more viable and profitable in the North in the 1770s and early 1780s.
ANSWER: During and after the Revolution, The northern states gave priority to slaveholders' property rights so that emancipation often was spaced out over several slave generations.
sole guardianship of their children if they became widowed.
the right to collect their own wages.
the right to vote in local and state elections.
the right to own property acquired by trade, business, labors, or services.
ANSWER: In New York in 1860, the efforts of feminists such as Susan B. Anthony resulted in a law that gave women all of the following rights except the right to vote in local and state elections.
make a profit for the federal government through judicious loans to entrepreneurs.
keep the economy in equilibrium by raising or lowering interest rates in response to changes in the capitalist business cycle.
stabilize the nation's money supply by forcing state banks to periodically convert their paper money into gold and silver coin.
serve as a clearinghouse for foreign investments and currency.
ANSWER: The most important function of the Second Bank of the United States was to stabilize the nation's money supply by forcing state banks to periodically convert their paper money into gold and silver coin.
they had more talent for church administration than men.
they were naturally more pious and spiritual than men.
ANSWER: One reason women took charge of religious and charitable enterprises during and after the Second Great Awakening was because they were excluded from other public roles.
machines capable of making parts for other machines.
the steam engine.
cotton-spinning machines.
the flying shuttle loom.
ANSWER: The most outstanding contribution of American mechanics to the Industrial Revolution was the development of machines capable of making parts for other machines.
exact revenge on Britain for defeat in the French and Indian War and the loss of Canada.
defend Catholics in Maryland and Quebec against the potentially hostile Protestant Patriots.
annex Maine and regain Quebec.
persuade the Americans to accept King Louis XVIs younger brother as their new constitutional monarch.
ANSWER: France gave a serious consideration to an alliance with the rebel colonies primarily because it saw an opportunity to exact revenge on Britain for defeat in the French and Indian War and the loss of Canada.
American colonial troops strove to emulate the professionalism of the British regulars.
British officers praised American colonial troops for their courage under fire.
American colonial troops adapted well to the British system of military discipline.
deep-seated differences in military discipline emerged between the British officers and the American colonial troops.
ANSWER: During the Great War for Empire, deep-seated differences in military discipline emerged between the British officers and the American colonial troops.
created a thriving new industry in southern port cities such as Charleston and Savannah.
eroded the profits of the West Indies sugar plantation owners and encouraged New England to export honey, a rival sweetener.
touched off political clashes between Britain and the colonies, foreshadowing a new era of imperial control.
angered Americans because it favored British molasses manufacturers.
ANSWER: The Molasses Act was significant in that it touched off political clashes between Britain and the colonies, foreshadowing a new era of imperial control.
calling for military action against the protesters to re-stabilize trade.
calling for a return to the old policy of salutary neglect.shifting their trade to the Caribbean and South America.
supporting the American cause because the colonial boycott led to a drastic decline in their sales.
ANSWER: Most British merchants responded to colonists' resistance to the Stamp Act by supporting the American cause because the colonial boycott led to a drastic decline in their sales.
British merchants extended six months' credit to American shopkeepers.
Americans consumed about 30 percent of British exports.
British entrepreneurs exported the new technology to the colonies in order to produce goods more cheaply there.
the standard of living in Britain increased at the expense of the American consumers.
ANSWER: As a result of the Industrial Revolution in England and the increased marketing of goods in the colonies, Americans consumed about 30 percent of British exports.
